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- Piotr Wilk, PhD, Anna Gunz, MD, FRCPC, FAAP, Alana Maltby, MSc, Tharsha Ravichakaravarthy, BSc, Kristin K Clemens, MD, MSc, Éric Lavigne, PhD, Rodrick Lim, MD, FRCPC, Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera, PhD, Extreme heat and paediatric emergency department visits in Southwestern Ontario, Paediatrics & Child Health, pxaa096, https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxaa096
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- Raphael, D., Bryant, T., Mikkonen, J., Raphael, A. (2020). Social Determinants of Health: The Canadian Facts (2nd edition, 2020). Oshawa: Ontario Tech University Faculty of Health Sciences and Toronto: York University School of Health Policy and Management. https://thecanadianfacts.org/The_Canadian_Facts-2nd_ed.pdf
- Raphael, D., Bryant, T., Mikkonen, J., Raphael, A. (2020). Social Determinants of Health: The Canadian Facts (2nd edition, 2020). Oshawa: Ontario Tech University Faculty of Health Sciences and Toronto: York University School of Health Policy and Management. https://thecanadianfacts.org/The_Canadian_Facts-2nd_ed.pdf
- Canadian Institute for Health Information (2018). Asthma Hospitalizations Among Children and Youth in Canada: Trends and Inequalities https://www.cihi.ca/en/socio-economic-inequalities-affect-asthma-hospitalization-rates-for-kids; https://www.cihi.ca/sites/default/files/document/asthma-hospitalization-children-2018-chartbook-en-web.pdf
- Berry, P., Clarke, K., Fleury, M.D. and Parker, S. (2014): Human Health; in Canada in a Changing Climate: Sector Perspectives on Impacts and Adaptation, (ed.) F.J. Warren and D.S. Lemmen; Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON, p. 191-232. https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/earthsciences/pdf/assess/2014/pdf/Chapter7-Human-Health_Eng.pdf
- Mikkonen, J., & Raphael, D. (2010). Social Determinants of Health: The Canadian Facts.Toronto: York University School of Health Policy and Management. http://www.thecanadianfacts.org/
- Hayes, K., Blashki, G., Wiseman, J., Burke, S., & Reifels, L. (2018). Climate change and mental health: risks, impacts and priority actions. International journal of mental health systems, 12, 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-018-0210-6 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5984805/
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Pan-Canadian Public Health Network, Statistics Canada, and the Canadian Institute of Health Information. (2018). Key Health Inequalities in Canada report/Pan-Canadian Health Inequalities Data Tool. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/science-research-data/understanding-report-key-health-inequalities-canada.html
- ibid
- ibid
- Tarasuk, V. and Mitchell, A. (2020). Household food insecurity in Canada, 2017-18, p. 9. Toronto: Research to Identify Policy Options to Reduce Food Insecurity (PROOF). Data Source: Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey 2017-2018. https://proof.utoronto.ca/resources/proof-annual-reports/household-food-insecurity-in-canada-2017-2018/
- Raphael, D., Bryant, T., Mikkonen, J., Raphael, A. (2020). Social Determinants of Health: The Canadian Facts (2nd edition, 2020). Oshawa: Ontario Tech University Faculty of Health Sciences and Toronto: York University School of Health Policy and Management. https://thecanadianfacts.org/The_Canadian_Facts-2nd_ed.pdf
- ibid
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Pan-Canadian Public Health Network, Statistics Canada, and the Canadian Institute of Health Information. (2018). Key Health Inequalities in Canada report/Pan-Canadian Health Inequalities Data Tool. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/science-research-data/understanding-report-key-health-inequalities-canada.html
- Thomas Kovesi, MD, Respiratory disease in Canadian First Nations and Inuit children, Paediatrics & Child Health, Volume 17, Issue 7, August 2012, Pages 376-380, https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/17.7.376 ;
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A special thank you to all who contributed and provided expert review and curation of the evidence cited throughout this website.